Explosion proof standard for telephone and speaker

What kind of environment may explode?

An explosive environment may occur. (Such as: combustible gas, dust environment, oil refinery, petrochemical plant, gas station, gas station, etc.), explosive gas atmosphere, gas, steam or mist-like combustible substance and air mixture, in the mixture After ignition, the combustion will spread throughout the environment of the unburnt mixture. (Such as: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, NH3, CO, C2H5OH and other explosion-proof electrical equipment)

What is the explosion-proof grade?

Definition of explosion-proof equipment: electrical equipment that will not cause the surrounding explosive environment to ignite under specified conditions.

Explosion-proof equipment is divided into three categories

Category I: electrical equipment underground in coal mines;
Class II: All other electrical equipment for explosive gas environments except coal mines and underground mines.
Class Ⅱ can be divided into ⅡA, ⅡB, and ⅡC. Equipment marked with ⅡB can be applied to the use conditions of ⅡA equipment; ⅡC can be applied to the use conditions of ⅡA and ⅡB.
Class III: Electrical equipment in explosive dust environment other than coal mines.
Class ⅢA: flammable fly floc; Class ⅢB: non-conductive dust; Class ⅢC: conductive dust.
Maximum surface temperature: The highest temperature reached by any part of the electrical equipment that may cause the surrounding explosive environment to ignite when the electrical equipment is working under the most unfavorable operating conditions within the specified range. The maximum surface temperature should be lower than the combustible temperature.
For example: the ignition temperature of the explosive gas in the explosion-proof sensor environment is 100℃, then the highest surface temperature of any part of the sensor should be lower than 100℃ under the worst working conditions.

Temperature group

Electrical equipment used in explosive atmospheres is divided into groups T1-T6 according to its maximum surface temperature

temperature for telephone

Explosion-proof standard

1. The IEC / CENELEC / EUrOPE and NORTH AMERICA / FM standards are often used, while the CANADA / CSA standards are almost not used in China.
Example: CENELEC: Eex de/Eex d ib IIC T2-T6
FM: NI/I/Z/ABCD DIP/II, III/1/EFG
XP/I/1/ABCD DIP/II, III/1/EFG
CSA: Class I, Div 2, ABCD
2. The new European explosion-proof standard ATEX100a will replace the original CENELEC standard (as of 2003)
ATEX 100a: II IG Eex ia IIB T6
I II 1G Zone 0 1D, 2D,3D dust explosion
Mining other 2G Zone 1
Industry industry 3G Zone 2
the term
Definition of safety parameters of safety barrier:
*8226; Maximum allowable voltage of safety barrier: Um
Ensure the intrinsic safety performance of the intrinsically safe side of the safety barrier, and allow the highest possible input voltage for the non-intrinsically safe side
*8226; Maximum open circuit voltage of safety barrier: Uoc
The maximum voltage when the intrinsically safe terminal is open within the maximum allowable voltage range
*8226; Maximum short-circuit current of safety barrier: Isc
The maximum current when the intrinsically safe terminal is short-circuited within the maximum allowable voltage range
*8226; Safety barrier allows distributed capacitance: Ca
The maximum allowable external capacitance of the intrinsically safe terminal under the condition of ensuring the intrinsic safety performance
*8226; Safety barrier allows distributed inductance: La
The maximum allowable external inductance of the intrinsically safe side under the condition of ensuring intrinsic safety performance
Explosion-proof mark format description:
The explosion-dangerous medium in the factory or mining area is scientifically classified and classified according to its ignition energy, minimum ignition temperature, and the time period of the on-site explosive hazardous gas to determine the explosion-proof mark and explosion-proof form of the on-site explosion-proof equipment.
Glossary:
ia level: electrical equipment that cannot ignite explosive gas mixtures during normal operation, one failure and two failures.
During normal operation, the safety factor is 2.0; for one failure, the safety factor is 1.5; for two failures, the safety factor is 1.0.
Note: Contacts with sparks must be equipped with flameproof enclosures, air-tight enclosures or double the safety factor.
ib level: electrical equipment that cannot ignite explosive gas mixtures during normal operation and a failure.
In normal operation, the safety factor is 2.0; in case of a fault, the safety factor is 1.5.
During normal operation, spark-proof contacts must be protected by flameproof enclosures or airtight enclosures, and there are measures to self-display failures. The safety factor is 1.0 when a failure occurs.
EExd: refers to the meaning of enveloping the explosion;
IIC: refers to the ignition energy uJ,280,>180,60...80,<60; T6: refers to the temperature group, that is, electrical equipment is divided into different temperature groups according to its maximum surface temperature. The temperature group of the gas is divided into different ignition temperatures. T6 is 85 degrees.
Explosion-proof electrical equipment (d): refers to the electrical equipment that encloses the components that can ignite explosive mixtures in an enclosure that can withstand the explosive pressure of the internal explosive mixture and prevent the explosion of the surrounding explosive mixture.
Increased safety electrical equipment (e): Under normal operating conditions, no spark or dangerous temperature will be generated to ignite explosive mixtures, and structural measures shall be taken to improve its safety level to avoid ignition under normal and prescribed overload conditions Electrical equipment.
Intrinsically safe electrical equipment (i): Electrical equipment that cannot ignite explosive mixtures by sparks or thermal effects generated under normal operation or under standard test conditions.
Non-sparking electrical equipment (n): Electrical equipment that does not produce arcs or sparks under normal operating conditions, nor does it produce high-temperature surfaces or hot spots that can ignite surrounding explosive mixtures, and generally does not cause ignition failures.
Explosion-proof special type (s): When electrical equipment or components adopt explosion-proof types not included in GB3836-2010, the competent authority shall formulate temporary regulations. Submit to the Ministry of Labor and Personnel for the record, and after being inspected by the designated appraisal unit, it shall be disposed of as special electrical equipment "s".

Explosion-proof form

1. Intrinsically safe "i" (intrinsically safe electrical equipment and related equipment) Intrinsically safe circuit:
Under the specified test conditions, neither the electric spark nor the thermal effect produced under the specified fault state can ignite the specified explosive gas or steam circuit. Intrinsically safe electrical equipment: All circuits are intrinsically safe electrical equipment. The intrinsic safety of intrinsically safe equipment and associated equipment is divided into ia and ib: ¨ ia: Normal operation + one fault + two faults in any combination can not cause ignition of electrical equipment. ¨ ib: Normal operation + an intrinsically safe electrical equipment that cannot cause ignition under a fault condition. This shows that the ia level is higher than the ib level Associated equipment: electrical equipment equipped with intrinsically safe circuits and non-intrinsically safe circuits, and the structure is such that the non-intrinsically safe circuits cannot adversely affect the intrinsically safe circuits. 2. Flameproof type "d" Electrical equipment with flameproof enclosure.
It can withstand the internal explosion of the flammable mixture that has entered the shell without being damaged, and it will not ignite the electrical equipment in the external explosive environment formed by one or more gases or vapors through any joint surface or hole on the shell. shell.
3. Increased safety e
4. Oil-filled o
5. Sand-filled q
6. Encapsulated type m
7. Compound

Explosion-proof concept

Prerequisites for explosion

Ignition source: A large number of electrical instruments are used in the production process, and various frictional electric sparks, mechanical wear sparks, static sparks, high temperature, etc. are inevitable, especially when instrumentation and electrical failure occur.
Objectively many industrial sites meet the explosion conditions. When the mixed concentration of explosive substances and oxygen is within the explosive limit, if there is an explosion source, an explosion will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to take explosion protection.
Explosive substances: Some flammable substances are produced in many production sites. Explosive substances are present in about two-thirds of underground coal mines; in the chemical industry, explosive substances are present in more than 80% of the production workshop area.

Oxygen: Oxygen in the air is ubiquitous.

(1) Explosive materials (flammable air flammable dust): materials that can react with oxygen (air), including gases, liquids and solids. (Gas: hydrogen, acetylene, methane, etc.; liquid: alcohol, gasoline; solid: dust, fiber dust, etc.)
(2) Air or oxygen.
(3) Source of ignition: including open flame, electrical spark, mechanical spark, static spark, high temperature, chemical reaction, light energy, etc.

Explosion proof

Preventing explosions must be considered from three necessary conditions. Limiting one of the necessary conditions will limit the occurrence of explosions.
In the industrial process, flammable and explosive situations are usually dealt with from the following three aspects:
(1) Prevent or minimize the possibility of leakage of flammable substances;
(2) Do not use or use as little as possible electrical components that are prone to sparking;
(3) To maintain the inert state by nitrogen filling or the like.

Area classification

Meaning of hazardous location area
It is a measure of the actual possibility of danger in the area, and thus specifies the applicable explosion-proof type.
1. Classification of hazardous areas classified by the International Electrotechnical Commission/European Electrotechnical Commission
Zone 0: Explosive gas exists all the time or for a long time; there are continuously dangerous areas greater than 1000 hours/year;
Zone 1 (Zone 1): Flammable gas may occur or exist during the proper operation of the instrument; there are intermittently dangerous areas for 10 to 1000 hours/year;
Zone 2 (Zone 2): Under normal circumstances, there is no flammable gas and even if it happens occasionally, its existence time is very short; in the accident state, there is a risk of 0.1-10 hours per year in the area;
The effective area divided by China is the same as above. 2. Classification of explosive areas

Comparison of International Standards and American Standards

I.E.C. N.E.C.
Gas Zone 0 Class I, Division I
Zone 1 Class I, Division I
Zone 2 Class I, Division II
Dust Zone 10 Class II, Division IZone 11 Class II, Division II
I.E.C.: International Electrotechnical Commission (Internaional Electrotechnical Commission)
N.E.C.: National Electrical Code (U.S.A.)
Logo analysis